The quest for publicness: political conflict about the organisation of tramways and telecommunication in Sweden,c. 1900–1920

This article explores political conflicts about the organisation of public services in Sweden c. 1900–1920. The authors argue that political decisions play a vital role in shaping the political economy of public services. The case studies analysed are the political debates about the communalisation of the tramway system in Stockholm, and the nationalisation of Sweden’s last private telephone company. In both cases, the transfer of the service to public organisation was a lengthy process, ending in the late 1910s. This is explained using the concept of publicness. Drawing on three discursive chains, the argument is that the political development was affected by the politicians conception of the political community, the form of organisation and by perceptions of values such as equal access and modernity. In the case of the tramways, public organisation was seen as the best option to defend the public against corruption and self-interest. In the case of the telephones, free market competition was seen as a guarantee for an efficient and cost-effective service. The reason for this difference, is argued, was that the debate on the tramways articulated a clearer notion of publicness, where equal access and public opinion carried larger weight.     

商会治理功能与组织边界的经济学分析——基于公共选择的理论框架与中国的经验证据

本文构建了一个由分摊成本、决策成本和拥挤成本构成的综合成本最小化的公共经济学模型,用以分析商会分别提供公共产品、俱乐部产品和混合产品时的组织边界形成机制;考察了行业结构、制度规制和组织能力等因素对商会功能和规模的影响;使用粤、浙两地的问卷调查数据对影响商会治理功能的若干重要因素进行了经验检验并得出了若干启发性的结论。     

市场经济下大学生法律诚信观念的培养

近几年,大学生诚信缺失问题,愈来愈成为公众关注的焦点。因此,如何在市场经济条件下引导大学生诚信观念的转变是教育工作者必须要正视的一个问题,笔者认为诚信教育必须实现从道德诚信向法律诚信、从主观诚信向客观诚信、从人格诚信向制度诚信的三个观念的转化。     

协商民主的限制简析

虽然协商民主号称是民主理论的“协商转向”。但是协商民主在理论和实践上都面临着诸多限制。协商民主强调以共同善为依据达成共识,但是共同善常常无法达到;协商民主强调以理性对话为主,但是参与者的理性能力是有限的,即使能够完全按照理性来进行协商,也未必能够保证公共利益最大化;协商民主主张由一般民众在公开、透明、平等的情况下进行讨论,但来自政治精英、经济优势阶级、专家学者、媒体的政治操弄始终无法避免。由于这些限制,协商民主无法替代代议民主,它的价值在于培养公民的共和精神和包容、参与、平等的政治文化。     

Wisdom and Wealth Go First in a Harmonious Society——The Announcement of "2007 China Top Ten Wealthy and Intelligent People"

In order to implement the strategy "strengthening country on talent", and to form an good environment of respecting knowledge,talent, and fortune, in 2007 December, Bejing Cultural Development Research Institute, China National Condition Research Association, Fortune Times Press, China Election website,and some other institutes jointly elect 2007 China Top Ten Wealthy and Intelligent People, on the principle of"Contribution, creation, and power".     

Authentizotic climates and employee happiness: Pathways to individual performance?

This article discusses how six authentizotic psychological climates explain stress and affective well being at work, and how stress and affective well being explain self-reported individual performance. The sample comprises 199 employees from 118 organizations. The main findings include the following points. The psychological climates explain unique variance of stress, affective well being and performance. Stress explains unique variance of affective well being. Affective well being, mainly enthusiasm, vigor and placidity explain unique variance of performance.     

《左传》中女性形象探析

以<左传>文本材料为出发点,对其中的女性形象进行分类,可分为"善"的形象、"恶"的形象和另类形象三类,并从<左传>文本中遴选若干典型加以分析.同时,从时代背景入手挖掘人物性格形成的深层原因并探讨作者对人物的不同态度.     

人的发展与市场经济的双向互动

人的发展是经济、社会发展的终极目标,本文分析了市场经济对人的发展可能产生的推动作用和阻滞作用,同时分析了人的发展对市场经济的能动作用,提出了发展市场经济、精神文明建设、缩小贫富差距、发展教育事业的对策,以此来实现人的发展与市场经济的双向互动。     

论消费在促进经济发展方式转变中的作用——从如何看待消费主义谈起

应当重视消费对转变经济发展方式的促进作用。为此需要坚持马克思有关生产与消费辩证关系的理论，关注全球消费呈现的新特点，借鉴国外学者对消费主义的批判。我国消费方式更新既要着重解决“消费不够”的问题，又要引导防止“消费不当”问题。努力做到“生存消费保证、享受消费适度、发展消费引导”，倡导“理性消费、节约资源、美好生活”。     

Incentives to Reduce Crop Trait Durability

To reduce the competition from farmers who self-produce seed, an inbred line seed producer can switch to nondurable hybrid seed. In a two-period framework, we first investigate the impact of crop durability on self-production, pricing and switching decisions. Second, we study how the introduction of a fee paid by self-producing farmers affects those decisions. We find that the monopolist may produce technologically dominated hybrid seed in order to extract more surplus from farmers. Further, the introduction of a self-production fee improves efficiency.